Common USB Interface Circuit Design Problems and Solutions

4. Placement of differential series resistors, test points, and pull-up resistors (√ is smart way, × is unreasonable way);

5. Due to factors such as pin distribution, vias, and routing space, differential line lengths do not easily match. If line lengths do not match, timing is shifted and common mode noise appears. ., reducing signal quality. Therefore, compensation for mismatch of differential pair must be made accordingly so that lengths of lines match. The length difference is usually controlled within 5 mils. Compensation principle - where does length difference occur and where to compensate;< /p>

6. To reduce crosstalk, if space permits, distance between other signal networks and ground should be at least 20 mils from differential line (20 mils is a rule of thumb), and distance between ground and differential line is too close. Affects line impedance;

7. USB output current is 500 mA. Pay attention to width of VBUS and GND lines. If 1 ounce copper foil is used, a line width of more than 20 mils can meet current requirements. Of course, wider line width, fuller power supply, better.

The signal line width and line spacing of differential line of conventional USB devices must match signal line width and line spacing of entire board. However, when operating speed of USB device is 480Mbps, it is not enough just to achieve above points. We also need to control differential signal impedance. It is very important to control differential signal line impedance. for high speed digital signal integrity.

Because differential impedance affects eye diagram, signal bandwidth, signal jitter, and interference voltage on differential signal signal line. Line differential impedance is typically adjusted to 90 (±10%) ohms (see chip manual for specific values). The differential line impedance is inversely proportional to line width W1, W2 and T1 and inversely proportional to permittivity. Er1, and proportional to line spacing S1., which is proportional to distance H1 to reference layer. The following figure shows a cross section of a differential line.

The figure below shows reference stack of a four-layer board, in which two middle layers are reference layers, reference layer is usually GND or Power, and reference layer corresponding to differential line must be full and cannot be separated, otherwise differential line will be damaged Impedance discontinuity. If a four-layer board is constructed as shown in Fig. 2, width of differential line and line spacing of 5.5 mils can meet differential impedance of 90 ohms.

However, 4.5 mil line width and 5.5 mil line spacing are just our theoretical values. required impedance value, combined with the actual production situation and board adjustment.

The connection rules described above are based on USB 2.0 devices. In USB connection process, use shortest differential lines, tight connection, same length and constant impedance, and pay attention to current carrying capacity of USB power supply. Familiarize yourself with principles described above USB The device operates mostly normally.